I have a confession to make. I’ve always had a problem understanding the relationship between Sukkos and Koheles. I think it may have started with the Artscroll’s interpretation. Artscroll says (in the blue chumash) that the reason for reading Koheles on Sukkos is since Sukkos is so filled with joy and celebration, we need to have a reminder to “slow us down”. To not let the happiness get out of control, and to ground our simcha to keep ourselves balanced. This never sat well with me because I do not think this was the purpose of Shlomo’s megillah, and I do not think he wants us to read it to take a downer and “chill out”. We need to enjoy and appreciate Sukkos, not put a pin in it.
On Shabbos Chol Hamoed, Rabbi Avroham Leventhal quoted a very nice idea from Rav Kook, explaining quite the opposite in fact. He said Rav Kook explains that when we daven hard and do Tshuva on Rosh Hashana and Yom Kippur we lose a small bit of ourselves. We sacrifice a little piece of ourselves that falls off in the davening and building honest repentance. Sukkos is the time to get that piece back. Find our simcha and pull in all the mitzvos and reinvigorate ourselves within the simcha of Sukkot.
This in turn places Koheles not as a sad piece, but rather as a piece that helps identify different seasons and different times of our life that we are meant to recognize. There is a time for repentance, and a time for joy. There is a time for prayer, and a time for simcha. Each, having their given period and place.
This year however, I had this frustrating itch about Koheles. And it came directly from conversations we have all been having about how to view and honor Simchas Torah this year. Coming off one year since the horrific events of October 7, and the very very long year which has been riddled with tragedy, prayers for hostages, prayers for soldiers, anxiety of soldiers, anxiety of war, fear of missiles and air raid sirens, and just general hardships spread throughout the entire Jewish nation has left me feeling that once again the words of Koheles isn’t clicking with the feeling of Sukkos. Or rather, what should the feeling of Sukkos be for us?
While in shul on Shabbos I started looking through the Mizrachi magazine and found two articles that helped me form a new concept of understanding about what Koheles can actually represent for us, in an eternal sense.
The first was from Rav Hershel Shechter who discussed “The Definition of Simcha” based on ideas from Rav Soloveitchik. In it he explained the importance of the difference between Yom Tov and Shabbos, and how Yom Tov is a visit to HaShem and His temple. Shabbos on the other hand, is us welcoming HaShem into our home. He finished off by saying that when a person sits Shiva, Shabbos is part of the Shiva. We have different customs for Shiva, but Shiva works around it. While for Yom Tov, there must be simcha, and Shiva stops for Yom Tov. Seeing these ideas together illustrates nicely this concept yet again of periods in our lives as Jews; seasonal concepts that come and go throughout our lives that we are to direct our Jewish passions and understand how they change our emotional reactions. However, within this article from Rav Shechter, I felt something different about this idea of seasons. They mix together. Sometimes we celebrate yom tov, and then there is Shabbos. Or we are sitting Shiva, and then there is Shabbos, and then a Yom Tov. These periods - they mix together and are in fact not distinct or separate periods of time, but very much coexist within each other, overlapping their distinct customs onto one another.
The second article was from Rav Rimon and it really hit this point home for me. (I asked Rav Rimon about it at a party I saw him at tonight, and he agreed with my interpretation of it ,thus inspiring me to actually write this down). His article was discussing his strategy for how to “celebrate” (for lack of a better word) Simchas Torah this year. He laid out very specific plans for what his shul will be doing this year. Each Hakafa is assigned a theme. The first hakafa will be for the soldiers and security forces, and it will be a “regular” one, with standard happy songs, followed by a prayer for the soldiers. The next will be a slow one, followed by a tefilla for the hostages. The third hakafa, songs of prayer for healing, the fourth - a special hakafa specifically for families of soldiers. Hakafa five, unity of the jewish people. Six, in memory of those who have fallen. And finally, Hakafa Seven, for the victory of Am Yisrael and bringing Mashiach.
All these hakafos together are a mix and a blend of simcha, prayer, hope, celebration and remembrance. There isn't one single concept that represents the whole day, but rather it's all a mixture of all the emotions that we are living in today. We are winning the war, but we’ve had terrible losses. We are running towards victory, but its not over yet. We are celebrating our battles, but worried about what's to come. This to me, is the true meaning of Koheles. Life is not about singular events that pop up, life is a mixture of seasons, periods, emotions that mix together and form a special blend of what we call “being Jewish”. We attend funerals, and make weddings. We celebrate bar mitzvahs, and daven for hostages. We sing songs, dance with the Torah, and daven for the safety and wellbeing of our brothers and sisters.
“עֵ֤ת לַֽהֲרוֹג֙ וְעֵ֣ת לִרְפּ֔וֹא עֵ֥ת לִפְר֖וֹץ וְעֵ֥ת לִבְנֽוֹת” “There is a time to kill, and time to heal, a time to break and a time to build.” All these years I thought these “times” have to be unique and singular, this year I understood, these times can be mixed together. We can dance, and we can sing, and we can cry and we can pray. And we can do all of these things at the same time, and we can do these things together as a Kahal - as a congregation. My friend Yaakov Goldman, quoted Rabbi Sacks that Koheles is formed from the word Kahal. We experience Judaism together as a congregation, and together we mix together our emotions, and mitzvos and prayer and dancing, and that is how we stand strong, and stand united tying together all the many strings and threads that make up our unique and singular people.